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Surface hydrophobicity: effect of alkyl chain length and network homogeneity

Wenqian Chen, Vikram Karde, Thomas N. H. Cheng, Siti S. Ramli, Jerry Y. Y. Heng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 90-98 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2003-0

摘要： Understanding the nature of hydrophobicity has fundamental importance in environmental applications. Using spherical silica nanoparticles (diameter= 369±7 nm) as the model material, the current study investigates the relationship between the alkyl chain network and hydrophobicity. Two alkyl silanes with different chain length (triethoxymethylsilane (C1) vs. trimethoxy(octyl)silane (C8)) were utilised separately for the functionalisation of the nanoparticles. Water contact angle and inverse gas chromatography results show that the alkyl chain length is essential for controlling hydrophobicity, as the octyl-functionalised nanoparticles were highly hydrophobic (water contact angle= 150.6°±6.6°), whereas the methyl-functionalised nanoparticles were hydrophilic (i.e., water contact angle= 0°, similar to the pristine nanoparticles). The homogeneity of the octyl-chain network also has a significant effect on hydrophobicity, as the water contact angle was reduced significantly from 148.4°±3.5° to 30.5°±1.0° with a methyl-/octyl-silane mixture (ratio= 160:40 µL·g nanoparticles).

关键词： hydrophobicity surface energy wettability alkyl chain network silica nanoparticle

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Lignin-based polymer with high phenolic hydroxyl group content prepared by the alkyl chain bridging method

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第8期页码 1075-1084 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2272-x

摘要： Inspired by the importance of the phenolic group to the electron transporting property of hole transport materials, phenolic hydroxyl groups were introduced in lignosulfonate (LS) via the alkyl chain bridging method to prepare phenolated-lignosulfonate (PLS). The results showed that the phenolic group was boosted from 0.81 mmol∙g^–1 of LS to 1.19 mmol∙g^–1 of PLS. The electrochemical property results showed two oxidation peaks in the cyclic voltammogram (CV) curve of PLS, and the oxidation potential of the PLS-modified electrode decreased by 0.5 eV compared with that of LS. This result indicates that PLS is more easily oxidized than LS. Based on the excellent electron transporting property of PLS, PLS was applied as a dopant in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT, called PEDOT:PLSs). PLS showed excellent dispersion properties for PEDOT. Moreover, the transmittance measurement results showed that the transmittance of PEDOT:PLSs exceeded 85% in the range of 300–800 nm. The CV results showed that the energy levels of PEDOT:PLSs could be flexibly adjusted by PLS amounts. The results indicate that the phenolic hydroxyl group of lignin can be easily boosted by the alkyl chain bridging method, and phenolated lignin-based polymers may have promising potential as dopants of PEDOT to produce hole transporting materials for different organic photovoltaic devices.

关键词： lignosulfonate phenolic group PEDOT:PLS hole extract layer energy level

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A case study on sample average approximation method for stochastic supply chain network design problem

Yuan WANG, Ruyan SHOU, Loo Hay LEE, Ek Peng CHEW

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 338-347 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017032

摘要： This study aims to solve a typical long-term strategic decision problem on supply chain network design with consideration to uncertain demands. Existing methods for these problems are either deterministic or limited in scale. We analyze the impact of uncertainty on demand based on actual large data from industrial companies. Deterministic equivalent model with nonanticipativity constraints, branch-and-fix coordination, sample average approximation (SAA) with Bayesian bootstrap, and Latin hypercube sampling were adopted to analyze stochastic demands. A computational study of supply chain network with front-ends in Europe and back-ends in Asia is presented to highlight the importance of stochastic factors in these problems and the efficiency of our proposed solution approach.

关键词： supply chain network stochastic demand sampling average approximation Bayesian bootstrap Latin hypercube sampling

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Effect of alkyl nitrite decomposition on catalytic performance of CO coupling reaction over supported

Zhenhua LI, Weihan WANG, Dongxue YIN, Jing LV, Xinbin MA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 410-414 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1213-5

摘要： The syntheses of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) and diethyl oxalate (DEO) by CO coupling reaction in gaseous phase were investigated in a fixed bed reactor over Pd-Fe/Al O catalyst. The catalytic performance was characterized by CO conversion, space-time yield (STY) and selectivity of DMO (or DEO). The results showed that over Pd-Fe/Al O catalyst, the STY of DMO was higher than that of DEO under the same reaction conditions. The optimum reaction temperatures for synthesizing DMO and DEO were 403 K and 393 K, respectively, at the molar ratio 1 ∶ 1 of alkyl nitrite to CO. The difference in synthesizing DMO and DEO on the same catalyst was attributed to the decomposition performances of methyl nitrite (MN) and ethyl nitrite (EN), as density functional theory (DFT) calculation showed that EN decomposed more easily than MN.

关键词： palladium CO coupling dialkyl oxalate alkyl nitrite decomposition

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Kinetics of UV curable alkyl 3-mercaptopropionate-vinyl silizane

SONG Jiale, CHEN Lixin, WANG Yazhou, CHEN Weiwei, WANG Rumin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 390-395 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0080-6

摘要： Photopolymerization of vinyl-containing liquid silizane preceramic monomers copolymerized with thiol monomers, based on a step-growth radical polymerization mechanism, is a novel, rapid, inexpensive and simple technique for producing preceramic structures from liquid precursors. The kinetics of alkyl 3-mercptopropionate-vinyl silizane under UV irradiation is investigated by using real-time Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and photo-differential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC). The experimental results show preliminarily that: (1) about 80% conversion of vinyl group has been achieved in the presence of a low concentration photoinitiator under UV irradiation; (2) by increasing the functionalities of the thiol group, the peak rate of copolymerization increases and the final conversion of the vinyl group decreases; (3) the copolymerization is primarily a bimolecular radical termination process; (4) the copolymerization is first-order, i.e., its rate is proportional to the vinyl group concentration and independent of the concentration of thiol group.

关键词： step-growth irradiation bimolecular preceramic concentration photoinitiator

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Time-series prediction based on global fuzzy measure in social networks

Li-ming YANG,Wei ZHANG,Yun-fang CHEN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第10期页码 805-816 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500025

摘要： Social network analysis (SNA) is among the hottest topics of current research. Most measurements of SNA methods are certainty oriented, while in reality, the uncertainties in relationships are widely spread to be overridden. In this paper, fuzzy concept is introduced to model the uncertainty, and a similarity metric is used to build a fuzzy relation model among individuals in the social network. The traditional social network is transformed into a fuzzy network by replacing the traditional relations with fuzzy relation and calculating the global fuzzy measure such as network density and centralization. Finally, the trend of fuzzy network evolution is analyzed and predicted with a fuzzy Markov chain. Experimental results demonstrate that the fuzzy network has more superiority than the traditional network in describing the network evolution process.

关键词： Time-series network Fuzzy network Fuzzy Markov chain

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工业互联网供应链安全发展路径研究

樊佩茹,李俊,王冲华,张雪莹,郝志强

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第2期页码 56-64 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.02.008

摘要：

工业互联网供应链在促进企业生产效率提升、降低企业经营成本的同时，扩大了工业控制系统、生产设备等的受攻击面，引入了新的安全风险。针对工业互联网供应链安全发展问题，本文描述了工业互联网供应链发展形势，梳理了工业互联网供应链存在的典型安全问题，分析了我国工业互联网供应链面临的安全挑战。研究提出了我国工业互联网供应链安全的创新发展路径：发挥制造产业种类齐全的良好优势，加强工业互联网安全知识产权布局，加速实现信息创新产业体系建设，提升工业互联网供应链技术安全保障能力，重视工业互联网供应链渠道安全，鼓励上下游企业良性协同发展，优化工业互联网供应链安全发展环境。

关键词：工业互联网，供应链，网络安全，发展路径

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Pricing and production strategies in remanufacturing from the perspectives of supply chain: Review and

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0251-7

摘要： Remanufacturing is widely recognized as beneficial to the environment and a circular economy. However, remanufacturing is more complex than traditional manufacturing due to the effects of government policy, uncertainty of consumer preferences, competition and cooperation among firms, and so on. These factors motivate academics to optimize remanufacturing outcomes, especially for product pricing and production. This study reviews the published literature on pricing and production strategies in remanufacturing from four perspectives of supply chain, namely, government policy, consumer characteristics, relationships among firms, and supply chain structures. Review results can benefit scholars/practitioners in the future by highlighting the challenges and opportunities in remanufacturing strategies.

关键词： remanufacturing reverse and closed-loop supply chain circular economy

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Modeling of the resilient supply chain system from a perspective of production design changes

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 96-106 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0235-z

摘要： Building an effective resilient supply chain system (RSCS) is critical and necessary to reduce the risk of supply chain disruptions in unexpected scenarios such as COVID-19 pandemic and trade wars. To overcome the impact of insufficient raw material supply on the supply chain in mass disruption scenarios, this study proposes a novel RSCS considering product design changes (PDC). An RSCS domain model is first developed from the perspective of PDC based on a general conceptual framework, i.e., function-context-behavior-principle-state-structure (FCBPSS), which can portray complex systems under unpredictable situations. Specifically, the interaction among the structure, state and behavior of the infrastructure system and substance system is captured, and then a quantitative analysis of the change impact process is presented to evaluate the resilience of both the product and supply chain. Next, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the PDC strategy and to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the RSCS domain model. The results show that the restructured RSCS based on the proposed strategy and model can remedy the huge losses caused by the unavailability of raw materials.

关键词： resilient supply chain supply chain disruption domain modeling product design changes

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Digitalization for supply chain resilience and robustness: The roles of collaboration and formal contracts

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 5-19 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0229-x

摘要： Black swan events such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak cause substantial supply chain disruption risks to modern companies. In today’s turbulent and complex business environment, supply chain resilience and robustness as two critical capabilities for firms to cope with disruptions have won substantial attention from both the academia and industry. Accordingly, this study intends to explore how digitalization helps build supply chain resilience and robustness. Adopting organizational information processing theory, it proposes the mediating effect of supply chain collaboration and the moderating effect of formal contracts. Using survey data of Chinese manufacturing firms, the study applied structural equation modelling to test the research model. Results show that digitalization has a direct effect on supply chain resilience, and supply chain collaboration can directly facilitate both resilience and robustness. Our study also indicates a complementary mediating effect of supply chain collaboration on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience and an indirect-only mediation effect on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain robustness. Findings reveal the differential roles of digitalization as a technical factor and supply chain collaboration as an organizational factor in managing supply chain disruptions. Paradoxically, formal contracts enhance the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience but weaken the relationship between supply chain collaboration and supply chain resilience. The validation of moderating effects determines the boundary conditions of digitalization and supply chain collaboration and provides insights into governing supply chain partners’ behavior. Overall, this study enhances the understanding on how to build a resilient and robust supply chain.

关键词： digitalization supply chain resilience robustness collaboration formal contract

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Disruptive technologies for advancing supply chain resilience

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 360-366 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0257-1

摘要： Disruptive technologies provide a new paradigm for supply chain risk management and bring opportunities and challenges for the improvement of supply chain resilience (SCRes). This study summarizes the application cases of some disruptive technologies in the SCRes and analyzes the benefits and damages brought by disruptive technologies to the SCRes. The results show that disruptive technologies can provide the supply chain with flexibility, visibility, agility, and other capabilities at various stages of risk management. Hence, technology advancements greatly increase the level of the SCRes. Although disruptive technologies undermine the construction of SCRes, these damages can be eliminated through technology iteration or other disruptive technologies. Furthermore, disruptive technologies will provide better stability for the SCRes. The study also makes several suggestions for the use of disruptive technologies in the construction of the SCRes.

关键词： supply chain resilience disruptive technology supply chain risk

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Internet of Things (IoT)–blockchain-enabled pharmaceutical supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 82-95 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0233-1

摘要： During the COVID-19 pandemic, the current operating environment of pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) has rapidly changed and faced increasing risks of disruption. The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain not only help enhance the efficiency of PSC operations in the information technology domain but also address complex related issues and improve the visibility, flexibility, and transparency of these operations. Although IoT and blockchain have been widely examined in the areas of supply chain and logistics management, further work on PSC is expected by the public to enhance its resilience. To respond to this call, this paper combines a literature review with semi-structured interviews to investigate the characteristics of PSC, the key aspects affecting PSC, and the challenges faced by PSC in the post-pandemic era. An IoT–blockchain-integrated hospital-side oriented PSC management model is also developed. This paper highlights how IoT and blockchain technology can enhance supply chain resilience and provides a reference on how PSC members can cope with the associated risks.

关键词： pharmaceutical supply chain Internet of Things blockchain resilience post-pandemic era

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Advancing food supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic era

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 107-120 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0232-2

摘要： In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.

关键词： food supply chain blockchain contingent sourcing supply chain resilience

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Managing supply chain resilience in the era of VUCA

Ying GAO , Zhuo FENG , Shuibo ZHANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 465-470 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0164-2

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国外ICT供应链安全管理研究及建议

倪光南,陈晓桦,尚燕敏、徐克付

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 104-109 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.021

摘要：

鉴于国家关键基础设施和关键资源（CIKR）对信息通信技术（ICT）的依赖，识别和控制ICT供应链风险已成为保障国家安全的重要手段。美国作为ICT供应链管理的先行者，在提升战略地位、开展风险管理、确保软硬件安全、监管政府采购等方面为各国提供了丰富经验；欧盟、俄罗斯也加强了ICT供应链的安全管理。在分析上述国外情况的基础上，给出了完善我国ICT供应链安全管理的相关建议。

关键词：供应链风险管理硬件供应链软件供应链采购安全